Celebrating
festivals is a tentative moment of every nation around the world. Different
countries have its own way of celebrating on the bases of one’s unique cultural
and tradition.
Likewise,
Bhutan too has its own ways and styles of conducting and celebrating festivals
uniquely comparing to other nations. Bhutan is one country in this Tibetan
Buddhist world that festivals have been keeping the same trends without much
changes from its origin till present generation in term of celebrating
traditional festival. (Mystic Bliss tours and travels).
In
Bhutan there are many types of festivals such as national, religious and
seasonal festivals. Amount all the prominent one is the Tshechu festivals meaning 10th day
of the month according to Bhutanese
calendar.
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During the Tsechu |
Traditional
tshechu festivals originated with the influx of Guru Padmasambhava – “one who
was born from a lotus flower”Guru Rinpoche , the precious Teacher in the 8th
century. . Later with the arrival of great saints Terton Pema Lingpa ( the
treasure discoverer) and Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgay in the year 1450 and 1616 respectively.
And today Tshechu festivals are celebrated to honored them and some festivals
are celebrated to commemorate the deeds of the Buddha or those of the great
masters of the past associated with Buddhist traditions or another traditions.
None the less some festivals are introduced to celebrated the completion of the
temple or lhakhang in the 9th century.
Different
festivals have different significance and they have their own ways of beliefs
and consideration as per their customs and traditions around the world.
Primarily, they all serve the purpose of bringing happiness to our lives and
strengthen our sense of community, yet they do have other aspect . But with the emerging of modern trends such
as economic development, in flow of tourist and importing of foreign goods, the
Bhutanese perceptions toward traditional festivals are changing. Over the past
several decades, Bhutan has faced both external and internal threats to its
culture.
In addition, Bhutan
also has had to combat the various threats that modernization poses to its medieval culture. Both government sources and social scientists
have noted the impacts of modernization, especially on Bhutanese youth. (Mathou
1999; Planning Commission 2001).
Increase in flow of tourist is the one major
reason for modernization of the country and people tent to imitate their life
styles and importing of foreign goods makes society more lethargic which harms
the tradition of the nations as a whole. And marrying foreigner usually leads
to clash of religion and leads to forgo one’s religion and too Media has given
lots of negative impact to the country.
It is believed that everyone must attend a
tshechu and witness the mask dances at least once in order to receive blessings
and wash away their sins. Bhutan’s
masked dance festivals, called tsechus in the local language of Dzongka, date
back three and a half centuries. At that time the monks were both the
civil and religious authorities, and the dances were used to educate an
illiterate populace about their history and religion. The dances have
been handed down from one generation to the next, and remain virtually
unchanged from their origins.
Every
mask dance performed during a tsechu has a special meaning or a story behind it
and many are based on stories and incident from as long ago as the 8th
century during the Guru Padmasambhava.Two of the most popular tshechus in the
country are the Paro and Thimphu festivals in term of participation and
audience. The Thimphu Tsechu was established by the 4th
Temporal Ruler, Tenzing Rabgye (1638-1696) in 1670 on the 8th month of
Bhutanese calendar to commemorate the birth of Guru Rinpoche.
Besides
the locals people many tourist from across the world are attracted to these
unique colorful and exciting displays of traditional culture. An auspicious
event of many of the tsechus is the unfurling of the Thongdrel from the main
building overlooking the dance area (Mystic Bliss Tours and Travels). As the
word Thongdrel itself mean ‘liberation on sight’ it is said that by seeing or
watching that bad Karma would get vanished. So people come rushing to witness
that as it is unfolded by the sunrise.
Local
festival especially, tsechu besides
being a religious event to feel blessed and cleansed of sins,
it help people get refresh and relax after their long period of doing tiring
work. So in the past people prepare and plan to go for tshechu before a week is
left for the Tsechu to happen, they even borrows clothes and coral, torques if they don’t have all those
in themselves. They gets excited and energetic to go for tshechu but now “the
feeling of enjoyment has been replaced with the feeling of detestation”
(Kunsel,2014,4,14,p.4).
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RAPA dancing Bodra |
In 1987, monastic authorities in Bhutan voiced
complaints about disrespectful photography (Shackley 1999b). A commission on
tourism was formulated to investigate the complaints. The commission confirmed
the inappropriate behavior of tourists and noted “growing materialism” among
monastic authorities who were accepting gifts from tourists (Mowforth and Munt
1998, 153). Additionally, the commission reported “tourism may have an adverse
moral impact on young people if they observe tourists’ behavior that might be
interpreted as belittling the mystical power of the country’s religion”.
Now
we rarely can see young people going for festival and instead they watch it
live on television. Some people do not go for Tsechu because they don’t get a
good place to sit, stay with family and they even don’t get a place to park
their cars so “it is no longer about family get-togethers, meeting friends and
witnessing, what tourists visiting country calls an open theatre play”(
Kunsel,2014,4,14,p.4). So people neglect to go for festivals and rather stays
at home watching television as “they are better seen on the silver screen to be
better identified and in fact feel more blessed” (Kunsel,2014,4,14,p.4).
Reference;
Kuensel,
Editorial, (2014, April 14). p.4
Mystic
Bliss tours and travels. (n.d). Retrieved from http://www.bhutanmystic bliss.com/Bhutan_travel/festivals
of Bhutan.html.